which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet
Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. The 470V/6 was the companys first product and ran the same software as IBM System/370 computers but cost less and was smaller and faster. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. Its base price was $6,500. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. Gates and Allen started Microsoftoriginally called Micro-Soft, for microprocessors and. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? What feature of modern productivity tools makes it possible for files created in one software product to be opened in another software product? That's not as trivial. The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Part of the speed came from the computers design, which used 10 small computers, known as peripheral processing units, to offload the workload from the central processor. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. D. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. . Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. Description. microprocessor/ processor. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. It has pre-programmed curricular material. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. During three years of production, IBM sells 19 701s to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Subject. The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. 2.4 trillion. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. Nine of the computers, which featured dozens of advanced design innovations, were sold, mainly to national laboratories and major scientific users. The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. service packs. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. The line was discontinued in 2014. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. The first stored-program computer to be built in continental Europe was the MESM, completed in the Soviet Union in 1950. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. A consortium of aerospace, energy, and marine science agencies undertook the project, and the system was built by NEC around their SX-6 architecture. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. Virginia Tech used more than a thousand PowerMac G5s to create the System X cluster supercomputer, rated #3 in November of that year on the worlds TOP500 fastest computers. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. The line was discontinued less than two years later. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. . The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. Answer: . Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computers, and the machines success made a strong case for using general-purpose computers rather than specialized systems. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. data. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Definition. selecting effective instructional software. This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. Designed by scientists and engineers at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is the culmination of years of work to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft computer from the size of seven refrigerators side-by-side to a compact unit weighing only 70 lbs. There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. There are many stand-alone utility programs available as an alternative to the operating system'sutility programs. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. It was used to model the decay of the US nuclear arsenal, analyze financial data, and render 3D medical images in real-time. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Apple enters the handheld computer market with the Newton. The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. Scelbi aimed the 8H, available both in kit form and fully assembled, at scientific, electronic, and biological applications. The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. Spreadsheet Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. The micro has to have a real . Atari's 8-bit computers were influential in the arts, especially in the emerging DemoScene culture of the 1980s and '90s. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). Quiz 1. Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. Wi-Fi Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. Promotional shot of the Compaq Deskpro 386s. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? Dropout rates are higher in online courses. Conceived in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists.
