evil figure with a good heart archetype examples

Not to be confused with Evil Embodiment, Dark Father, Satanic Incarnation, or Demon Ruler. <> An archetype is a literary device used to create characters that have specific qualities and behaviors. That'swhy Sam has so much conflict with Gollum later in the story. Privacy Policy | Advertising Disclosure | Disclaimers | Terms and Conditions. Whereas Lisbon provoked . inspires others. Ask yourself what is the conflict over? This page titled 1.9: Character and Story Archetypes is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Nick Garcia. What are all of the characters fighting to save or protect? Once you discover who their shadow is, it's as simple as giving them a name and setting them loose. While characters and plots can be based on archetypes, they should still be individual and original enough to avoid becoming clichs. The term archetype comes from Swiss psychologist Carl Jungs work. Two Examples Of Archetypes In Beastly. In ancient texts, we see this role being played by Thetis, Achilles mother in Greek mythology. Moreover, the third phase is. The shadow man is from the movie The Princess In The Frog. A villain is needed in most western movies. If you can't figure out what the exchange is, beware. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. In the context of writing and storytelling, archetypes help writers craft interesting stories that hit readers on a primitive level. When the mother figure does behave according to cultural expectations, it allows the reader to see some of the godly qualities we can possess. No. Writing Villains Using the Villain Archetype. endobj The shadow is a critical archetype for any story, especially in the myth of Demeter and Persephone, the story of Oiwa, as well as the movie Scream 4. This fits in with the Christian belief of the ruler of the underworld being evil. . This is true villainy, because a villain is usually a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime; scoundrel; or a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot. K`>,Cc1*4=$}|ospr3I]3]Hh4&ycq$bA) ^#$fS8u9`b/1Op.yM2?G6e60(T:B9\\,%UyHD+[$Ho%+Ug3+v9"]W'[8o]tm Lets Write a Short Story Even though the audience will be content with the knowledge that the Villain is evil, you will need to have the Villian do something truly terrible to reinforce the audience's hatred of the villian. The fight is considered to be universal, to be understood and recognised across every faith, culture and civilisation. Situational Archetypes. The Mother Archetype shows through Greek Mythology which includes The Iliad, Edith Hamilton, and The Odyssey. Archetypes are very important because they help readers understand what the author was intending while writing the work. Practice this for fifteen minutes. The hero is your lead character and the character that the audience is meant to identify with and the character is a representation of the audience member. The makers of the movie felt like we needed a villain, and they chose Hades. The sidekick helps the Hero overcome the Villain and saves the Hero at least once on the journey. The Evil Figure with the Ultimately Good Heart By: May Hennessy Example: The Grinch from How the Grinch Stole Christmas Snape and Harry Potter Conclusion The Evil Figure with the Ultimately Good Heart Example: Snape from Harry Potter Snape as Teacher at Hogwarts A character who embodies this archetype is often portrayed as a Villain in media. Your friends cannot fight your battles for you, merley support you in your endeavor, for they have their own Villains in their personal stories they must defeat. The Mentor protects and guides the main character. Theyre universally recognizable, and even used in psychology to identify behavior patterns based on the symbols and myths of different cultures. Tragic play is similar to tragedy means, drama that deals with sad or terrible themes, as opposed to comedy.(SD,332) A tragic hero normally has the characteristics of a person of noble stature, not an ordinary person, someone who is good but not too good, causes his own destruction for a greater cause, and the death will be seen as a waste of human potential. And Sauron, in the end, finds his hero in Aragorn, the king who does not seek his own kingdom but is given it, almost against his will. Common Types and Examples from Literature, Exploring the Monomyth: 6 Lessons from Joseph Campbells Theory of The Heros Journey. $EZ I~zBwuuJfVduAso%w8%r5e5Ll!;5j%\On[VcYIU+WOlRD1(sAcWf$ The Write Camp Characters in stories sometimes follow a theme when it comes to their traits. They believe the best of others, even when faced with evidence that says otherwise. Though she is usually selfless, nurturing, and a teacher in some way, she might not be perfect all of the time, and she may struggle with decisions or doing whats right. Character archetypes are the most common type of archetypes used in literature. adding the suffix that is given. Common Types and Examples from Literature, How to Write A Great Protagonist: 5 Steps for Creating an Unforgettable Lead, What is an Antagonist? He is also the author of the new book Crowdsourcing Paris, a real life adventure story set in France. However, the Hero can only defeat the Villain with the help of the Sidekick, but the Sidekick would lose if ever to encounter the Villain alone. This kind of overlord is often associated with evil races, like orcs, goblins and demons. You dont have to create your character from scratch. Teacher Resources With this idea of the shadow in mind, who corresponds to Gollum, who is something of aminor villain (but obviously central to the story)? 30 Oct. 2013. Do you both agree with your findings? And as a result, youll find archetypes across literature, fairy tales, mythology, religion, psychology, sociology, philosophy, art, film, television, marketing, politics, and more. Choose a film, play, book, and TV Commercial and identify the archetypes of each story. What matters is the Villain is the primary obstacle in the way of the Hero achieving their goal. EVIL FIGURE WITH A GOOD HEART . The gothic hero villain characteristics often embody three main types as their model : Miltons Satan, a rebellious compelling figure derived from Miltons Paradise Lost; or Prometheus ,a mythological character who exceeded his limit by stealing fire from Zeus, the father of gods in Greek mythology, and offers it to mankind ; or Byronic hero, a complex moody, cynical, character derived from the famous English romantic poet Lord Byron, marked by his rejection of traditional values with noticeable intelligence, cunning, intense feeling of passion and strong sensual desires . John Keating - Dead Poet's Society - The Professor. This is connected to characteristic 2 and this goal/need/intention will serve as the characters boon (or Prize) at the end of the journey or will be the characters downfall. ProWritingAid Review Archetype Description Teacher's Example My Example Hero The protagonist of the story Usually brave, honorable, self-sacrificing, and truthful . Those are the stories that stuck with us. The nearly super human feat the hero must perform . Legal. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Thomas Haden Church Spider Man: No Way Home, Monday - Saturday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm They can be on the side of either the protagonist or antagonist. In The Fall, main character experiences a fall from . As youll see below, some of the Jungian archetypes overlap with common archetypes that can be found in literature. Most of the time only a few do. A hero or antihero must deep down have a good heart. View full document See Page 1 Evil figure with a good heart - This dark figure who is often portrayed as the devil's right hand man, is often saved by the nobility of the hero. Examples of Character Archetypes. Character Test Show Often, they are not central to the plot but writers sometimes include them to be a foil for the main character or to move the storyline forward. The villain, like the fool, is a classic archetype seen in almost every story from Shakespeare to Disney to films like 27 Dresses. As previously said, most hero and villain stories revolve around a good vs. evil journey. You are the hero in your life and this characteristic is central to the themes and lessons all stories have shared since humans began telling stories. ZHV`x68~S829X+v=Tlf($MF|tIGYJ>&VxhXm3`\Z)e^B a definition of an evil figure with a good heart is when a person starts out a normal, pleasant, person then turn evil. In literature, there are 2 categories of archetypes: character and situation. Polyphemus, the strong, dumb, overconfident cyclops is a good villain, but then again vicious, smart, patient Ewoks are better. The audience must see themselves as the character in order to be invested in the story and each person always feels they are good or tries to have good intentions. Archetypes D-E. Damsel in Distress: A woman in ill-fated circumstances that needs/is waiting for a male rescuer. The simplest way is through the process of elimination. In this classic archetype of good vs. evil, two forces clash, one representing goodness, and the other evil. Fax: (714) 638 - 1478. It might be one of the Devil's traps. Character Archetypes Archetype Description Example The Hero The Hero is a protagonist whose life is a series of well-marked adventures. Jung defined Archetypes as archaic images or universal thought-forms that influence the feelings and action of an individual. What is an archetype? Choose a theme, conflict, and setting from the previous activities and create a Hero, Villain, Sidekick, Heroine/Goal/McGuffin, and Mentor that will help you tell your story. You can refer to the, The following summaries about tru ball goat release will help you make more personal choices about more accurate and faster information. In this story the hero is Moana herself, as her island is dying it is her duty to restore . Evil Figure with the Ultimately Good Heart. Without these two characters doing their part, there would be no conflict and fun in the movie or story. What this means is that whoever your main character is, the villain is somehow the opposite. Character archetypes are placed within situation archetypes (which describe how certain situations unfold in the story). In The Devil and Tom Walker the author portrays archetypes in the characters Tom Walker, Mrs. Walker, and the Devil. These factors mean that we are unable to judge people and say whether they are good or bad. Archetypes are stories that use characters that are repeated throughout many cultures (Rice). It was a #1 New Release on Amazon. This character is designed to be the "good guy" of the story. In the Disney movie Moana, Moana has experiences with these same character archetypes as well, in this story there is also a hero, the young man from the provinces, the outcast, creatures of nightmares, and the evil figure who ends up to have a good heart. The Evil Figure with the Ultimately Good Heart - This redeemable devil figure (or servant to the devil figure) is saved by the hero's nobility or good heart. Love is something no one can truley llive without. However, your Villians are your Villains and your Villains alone. 5 Why do we need stories? After looking at those five examples, we can make some general observations about writing villains usingvillain archetype: I think this also enables us to make an observation about conflict itself: Good external conflict always comes first from internal conflict (you might need to tweet that). As you can clearly see Erik is one the the best villains in literary history. Tropes are common elements of writing used so often in stories that readers come to expect them. You might have even been told you need to be writing villains, memorable antagonists that can supercharge your plot. A character archetype is the core traits, values, and decision making patterns of a particular type of person. These archetypes play a big role in the story and influence what happens to Odysseus as he is traveling home after fighting in the Trojan War. You want the villain to seem scary, powerful, and invincible so that the audience learns the lessons of self development and courage the journey is reinforcing. Email today and a Haz representative will be in touch shortly. and in the end they turn back the the person they used to be. 10+ Free WordPress Hosting Services That Dont Suck (2023), 57 Metaphor Examples Thatll Pack Your Prose With Persuasion, Email Marketing: The Simple, Definitive Guide [2023], the Warrior (William Wallace in Braveheart). The Beast is the evil figure with an ultimately good heart. Consistent with my absolute love of Disney storytelling, my second character Archetype "The Earthmother" was originally my choice for "evil figure with an ultimately good heart." Sin is associated with evil behavior. Type 9: The Mediator. But they kept going and in the end they did win. V-T94)o&6xg( Love is something no one can truley llive without. Good luck, 8+ the evil figure with ultimately good heart archetype examples most standard, 1.The Evil Figure with the Ultimately Good Heart Prezi, 2.The Evil Figure With Ultimitaly Good Heart by Cheyenne Harris Prezi, 3.Analysis Of The Evil Figure In Despicable Me And Ultimately | ipl.org, 6.Evil figure with a good heart this dark figure who is Course Hero, the evil figure with ultimately good heart archetype examples, View 9+ armoloy company of philadelphia is highly appreciated, View 10+ tender loving care preschool is highly appreciated, 10+ fort worth to kansas city most standard, 10+ 27201 n black canyon highway most standard. They are content with the knowledge that the Villain is evil. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. One of these factors is that we only have one perspective of life and the actions they do. The Ruler archetype is the one with the power over others, be it emotional, financial, legal, or political. They are the guide for the lead character. In almost every book and movie there is a protagonist and an antagonist. In some cases one character can be the vessel for several of the following types, yet these archetypes are always present in stories. 18 . One of the most insightful and captivating histories on storytelling is Joseph Campbels The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Evil. However, there is always only one internal villain (Dostoevsky broke the rules by having two), whether it is fear, lust for power, or control. Descriptions: The Evil Figure with the Ultimately Good Heart - This redeemable devil figure (or servant to the devil figure) is saved by the hero's nobility or good heart. They often pay undue consequences, sometimes even paying with their lives. It is your villain of the story. What is a Protagonist? Youll learn how to create lifelong fans who hang on your every word so you never have to break through the noise again. Grammar & Vocab They are usually very trusting (though that trust is sometimes misplaced). In this stage, the reader will learn background information about the main character and also other qualities about him. Example #5 A Walk to Remember: Landon Carter (played by Shane West) Citations "Archetypes to Help with Literary Analysis." In the play, The Crucible, we learned that some of the characters had common archetypes. Mothers are seen occasionally as the strangest, craziest, altruistic people who have ever been encountered. In truth, whether you are writing the next Great American Novel or drafting a brand archetype for your business, there are many ways you can use archetypes to tell a story. Often, the Sidekick will make a grand gesture, perhaps even throwing themselves in harms way to protect their hero. Shadows are villains in the story. The Mentors purpose is to help the Hero discover their potential so that it can be developed. The deeply troubled lead detective in a mystery novel is a common trope. The following summaries about the evil figure with ultimately good heart archetype examples will help you make more personal choices about more accurate and faster information. If not discuss and see if you can discover a new perspective that you both agree on. Earth Mother Archetype Examples. _]zPV5G.wI %7y-Q~fvoTEnx. Working remotely allows her to do even more of the things she loves, like traveling, cooking, and spending time with her family. His sidekick sits down next to him and says Its like in the old stories, the ones that really mattered. When you create a character from the Hero archetype, readers have a general idea of what they can expect from that character. Share your thoughts in the comments below! Stay informed and join our social networks! No, instead she wins by actually become more like Tess (and Tess wins by becoming more like Jane). Even Lord of the Rings, as mentioned above, and Shakespeare's King Lear are all wonderful examples of good vs. evil. - Emperor Palpative - Dr. Doom - Chuckie - Devil - Ursula - Apollo Creed The Evil Figure with Ultimately Good Heart A devil figure with the potential to be good. There are many other books and movies that include a protagonist and an antagonist. 5jZi-tS1{,qu['Xd Your email address will not be published. 5 Using Archetypes in Your Own Novel. People can be defined as neither good nor evil because many factors lead to us being a mixture of both. In life you will have your villians that you will need to overcome. The Library St Pete Dress Code, This is how I feel about archetypes, tooarchetypes are easy and can fit ones surface, but they are not realistic. The enduring quality of a myth is in its ability to teach and inspire the listener. They usually have mastery of a skill, though it may be undeveloped. It can also serve as a pattern or model from which future things are copied or built on (like a prototype). The Innocent archetype is pure of heart with intentions that are always good, never evil. Archetypes work so well because readers identify with them without realizing theyre doing so. In their current situation they do not see how they will ever be able to escape and discover who they are, let alone achieve something. M?R$rp'L%u|pxbkxew50dqi$S",HDzH$'I^GX VPe e`.uF3eU~^gYy&r'pII3QFoebzsTy|'FJO,H,ey;M"V-8ApdA)}ai}oeCg0Y/hYY mK{rY?\7=H;kT4w2",@WY*B{. Looking for archetype examples to make your writing more vivid? 526 Words; 3 Pages; Open Document "Beastly" is the modern version of "Beauty and the Beast" it reintroduces the story of a handsome but selfish and inconsiderate man who angers a witch. Instead, they are opposite. The fake Navine, who was his non loyal servant, took his place to marry Lottie. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 792 612] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> This means that we can not say if the good actions they did outweigh the bad actions that they did in their life. The seven roles of an archetype are the hero, the mentor, the threshold guardian, the herald, the shapeshifter, the shadow and the trickster. While Dostoevsky's classic novel has only one hero, Alyosha, it actually has two villains, each representing a different shadow side of Alyosha. Joe Bunting is an author and the leader of The Write Practice community. The 12 Jungian archetypes represent behavior patterns, and theyre based on the symbols and myths of many different cultures. Disclaimer: TCK Publishing and its website, TCKPublishing.com, provides information on writing, publishing, books, and advice to help you live a better and more successful life. They may use their power for good or evil. In psychology, Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung used the term archetype to refer to a collectively inherited unconscious idea, pattern of thought, image, etc., that is universally present in individual psyches.. An archetype is always a symbol, but symbols are not always archetypes. They offer a journey of transformation where the ordinary becomes extraordinary. With over 300k subscribers and 4 million readers, Smart Blogger is one of the world's largest websites dedicated to writing and blogging. Examples Of Archetypes In The Princess Bride 680 Words | 3 Pages. In your journey you can defeat any Villain you encounter, and achieve any goal you set, but all stories teach us that you can never accomplish anything alone. They believe the best . The shadow, for instance, is the archetype of the typical villain. These examples are also known as archetypes. scapegoat. List of Archetypes Character Archetypes: The Hero: Definitions can vary based on the situation, but usually the protagonist who has a tragic . However, unlike the fool, the villain has no consistent character traits. Powerschool Login Kcusd, Rather than taking away the mystery of what will happen, archetypes enhance the readers experience so they can more fully immerse themselves in the unique details that make your story special. 2. For the settings viewpoint, see Shadowland.. Character-wise, it's the part of the personality that embodies everything a character, called the 'Self', doesn't like about themselves, the things they (often subconsciously) deny about themselves and project on to others. Shadow. Scribd. Find a friend or partner and discuss your findings. Characteristics such as greed, lust, envy, pride, sloth, and gluttony are examples. Gilgamesh is an epic full of reoccurring symbols and gestures. Shadow. From Norman Bates to Gollum to Jafar from Disney's Aladdin, great stories are filled with indelible villains. Readers identify with and relate to these characteristics because they have expectations for each character type. The Battle Of Good Vs. However, I would argue that Hemingway is more concerned with Jake's moral impotence, and the only character who challenges Jake's lack of morality is Cohn. You might think of an archetype as the mother to the trope. For example, light versus dark symbolism might represent a good versus evil storyline. An archetype meaning to me is when a character can resemblance a certain topic. If you spent 8 Harry Potter books to find out that Nevile Longbottom was the actual hero you would never pick up the books again. The Hero is the good guy of the story, often the protagonist, who struggles against some evil force (often the antagonist, which can be either human or some other force). 10 More : The Evil Figure with the Ultimately Good Heart - This redeemable devil figure (or servant to the devil figure) is saved by the hero's nobility or good heart. The Outlaw archetype is a rebel, with or without a cause. Te Fiti (Moana, 2016) and Te Ka are one and the same, and while She does fit the latter archetype in much the same way the Beast does, at Her core Te Fiti is the Earthmother, a Polynesian Goddess of earth and . Conflict of Good and Evil is a concept that has survived for over three thousand years, and has long been ingrained into literature. Character archetypes The hero The hero in a story can be male or female. Hercules is in the way of the great evil plan Hades has made. Hero Trait 3: The Hero must be the Chosen One, Hero Trait 5: A Hero needs to have a straightforward and urgent goal, Villain Trait 1: The Villain hates the Hero, Villain Trait 2: The Villain wants to possess or destroy the Heroine/Goal/McGuffin, Villain Trait 3: The less we know about the Villain the better. Secondly, there will be someone or something that will trigger the journey and that is called the call to adventure. Towards the end of the film the hero and his sidekick are exhausted and running from both humans and monsters that have tried to kill them. The Heroine/ Goal/ McGuffin/ Stakes is the noun (person, place, or thing) that the characters are fighting to protect. Garden Grove, CA 92844, Contact Us! The Good Witch is a kind and gentle character who makes a stand against the oppression and subjugation of people, making her loved by the people . The Sidekick is not the chosen one. It plays an important role: to mobilize the boy's energy, will, and power to break from the Mother at the end of boyhood so he can face the tasks of life. Being able to recognize character and situation archetypes can make reading a much more rewarding experience, since youll be able to make connections across different works and understand key symbols. 2012-2023 Smart Blogger Boost Blog Traffic, Inc. He fit in the box they put all the villains in, so they chose. Archetypes are the deeper meanings to symbols people often look past. Villains are not necessarily evil. This internal villain is projected onto a character or multiple characters. The hero can be any gender, race, species, etc. The Mentor is the Teacher in the story. In a book like Harry Potter the protagonist would be Harry and the antagonist would be Voldemort. Photo by JD Hancock (Creative Commons). 1 0 obj 100 Day Book By the development of the genre , the gothic villain appears as the main character in a gothic story . This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site (including, for example, the order in which they appear). The Explorer is the archetypal character who is always ready for adventure. In the book Tangerine by Edward Bloor, the protagonist is Paul. In fantasy roleplaying the Satanic archetype can appear as an evil tyrant, a god of evil or even a ruler of demons. Ready to create spell-binding characters that your readers cant forget? Another example being portrayed by Demeter; even when there happens to no hope for her daughter Persephone, she never gives up on Persephone, or on the role of neutering her daughter through the tough times. This is why villains in history have been so scary, because each believed that they were doing just and good things by committing atrocities. Evil Figure with a Good Heart. It is also shown in the movie "Shrek" by Shrek an. In this article we discuss character archetypes. It can also serve as a pattern or model from which future things are copied or built on (like a prototype). Book Writing Software The whale from Moby Dick and the shark from Jaws are examples of this type of villain. amazon warrior. The Sidekick is brave, loyal, and has all of the characteristics of the hero except one. Evil Figure with Good Heart Scapegoat Outcast Devil Woman (Earthmother, temptress, platonic ideal, unfaithful wife, damsel in distress) Creature of the Night 9 Symbolic Archetypes Lightness-Darkness Water-Desert Heaven-Hell Innate Wisdom-Educated Stupidity Haven-Wilderness Supernatural Intervention Magic Weapon Fire-Ice Circle of Life Hero The real difference between this idea of 'good and evil' and the traditional concept is that empathy or a lack of empathy aren't fixed. That leaves them free to focus on the fictional world you create to entertain them. Now, archetypes are an elemental tool for your writing because they help you create vibrant characters that are still relatable and realistic. Then, we will make some general observations based on our examples: Yes, Sauron is the big villain in Lord of the Rings, but it's interesting to look at each villain individually as a Shadow form of one of the main characters. In some stories the teacher cannot leave the school, a trainer cannot enter the ring, in religion God cannot come down from the heavens, and in some stories the mentor dies. Many of these villains fit into certain stylistic categories known . For example, Yoda from the Star Wars franchise can be considered a Mentor. They believe the best of others, even when faced with evidence that says otherwise. You can refer to the answers, The following summaries about ugg mini goat color will help you make more personal choices about more accurate and faster information. Can you imagine a story where you invested your time and love following a hero you thought to be the chosen one and in the end it was someone else and they were irrelevant? Now, Jung believed all humans are born with and share an unconscious collection of knowledge and imagery. This archetype represents our subconscious. Is it because you truly do not believe you are special? The truth is all people believe they are special and have big dreams, before life kicks them in the teeth. Gilgamesh is one of the oldest works in existence. Follow him on Instagram (@jhbunting). ; Naruto: Jashin means "Evil God".He/she/it is mostly an excuse to allow his follower Hidan to practice his Religion . The audience must see themselves as the character in order to be invested in the story and . The battle between good and evil is a situational archetype prevalent in adventure stories. You can refer to the answers below. They can be represented by a single character, or a collective group that is blamed for the actions of others. An example of an archetypal Herald in a fictional story is in 'The Story of the Grail (Perceval)', by Chretien de Troyes. This figure's main aim is to oppose the hero in his or her quest. But unless you're writing a fantasy novel, you might not be sure how to do this. I then ask, Why did you not raise your hand? ca#ql.Wl&cE{Ei{@|]](/AxG">aDEL4Rc1o^$#(%jg1cD8ql ]&'RrlDJ#~BT9t.:+Rk endstream endobj 98 0 obj <>stream b. Situational archetypes Situations that appear in multiple stories. Situational Archetype. Once the Heros potential has been unlocked, the Mentor will encounter a barrier that it cannot cross. There are many character and story archetypes yet each story has 5 essential archetypes. The author may introduce the hero of the story in a setting that is bright and airy, like an outdoor scene on the beach or in a sunny garden. Pro Image Sports Return Policy, Ph: (714) 638 - 3640 These anti-heroes, or villains, are one of the many examples used in almost any piece of fiction. 11 Nov. 2013 Medusa in Myth and Literary History." Medusa in Myth and Literary History. The Villain is singular in its pursuit of the Heroine/Goal/McGuffin and possess such a threat to the world of the story that the audience is compelled to root for the hero. Often we try to hide what our special qualities are and avoid voicing our dreams in order to avoid ridicule, but those desires are there in all humans. Each scene and the play as a whole are an attempt to achieve this goal for the character.

Air France Flight 447 Bodies Pictures, Binding Of Isaac Item Id, Articles E