which of the following describes situational communication competence

Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Q. Some communication behaviors indicate that we are not communicating mindfully, such as withdrawing from a romantic partner or engaging in passive-aggressive behavior during a period of interpersonal conflict. Remember that adaptors can hurt your credibility in more formal or serious interactions. The second part of the definition of communication competence that we will unpack is the ability to use. Students who have strong reading foundations in their first languages bring with them literacy skills that can typically be transferred to the process of learning to read in English. How are these scores helpful? Specifically, this module will address the Communication and Situational Monitoring pillars of TeamSTEPPS. Recognize how ones own uniqueness, including experience level, expertise, culture, power, and hierarchy within the healthcare team, contributes to effective communication, conflict resolution, and positive interprofessional working relationships (University of Toronto, 2008). Human symbolic interaction. In terms of sending, the tendency of children to send unmonitored nonverbal signals reduces as we get older and begin to monitor and perhaps censor or mask them (Andersen, 1999). Although pets and children are often granted more leeway to breach other peoples space, since they are still learning social norms and rules, as a pet owner, parent, or temporary caretaker, be aware of this possibility and try to prevent such breaches or correct them when they occur. 30 seconds. Upon completion of the online module, you will be able to: Upon completion of the simulation module, which includes on-line case analyses, you will be able to: Let's begin with an exercise in communicating in a team: Creating a paper chain: divide into groups of 4-5 with each group given 5 sheets of paper, one pair of scissors, and tape. The primary focus has been on competencies related to speaking and listening, and the NCA notes that developing communication competence in these areas will help people in academic, professional, and civic contexts (Morreale, Rubin, & Jones, 1998). When we combine these terms, we get the following definition: communication competence refers to the knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns and the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various contexts (Cooley & Roach, 1984). Note that proficiency in a language may vary across the four basic language skills. Alexia, a medical assistant, explains to Mrs. Philips that the medication is to be taken once a day with a full glass of water. Pratt, K., & Ernst-Slavit, G. (in press). Try to compare observed nonverbal cues to a persons typical or baseline nonverbal behavior to help avoid misinterpretation. Competence is not independent of the relationships and situations within which communication occurs. The notion of code-switching assumes the alternation of separate languages in the context of a single conversation (e.g., Maria forgot su bolsa, where the child uses Spanish to mean her bag). Language Domains There are four language domains: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Most of us know that such behaviors lead to predictable and avoidable conflict cycles, yet we are all guilty of them. What aspects of communication do you think are common sense? What aspects of communication do you think require more formal instruction and/or study? Smiles can also help to disarm a potentially hostile person or deescalate conflict. New York: Oxford University Press. The abbreviation L1 refers to someones native language. We all know areas where we could improve our communication, and taking this class will probably expose even more. Cultural competency. gradually construct meaning from the words themselves. 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. Decades of research conducted by communication scholars shows that communication apprehension is common among college students (Priem & Solomon, 2009). The use of body language and objects to convey meaning to messages c. A process of offering advice and suggestions and relating similar experiences d. Contextual communication styles affect listening in many ways. The matrix in Figure 2.1 depicts the four language domains. Productive language refers to the information produced to convey meaning. Bilingual books: Promoting literacy and biliteracy in the second-language and mainstream classroom. While learners follow a similar route in learning a second language, the rate in which they acquire the target language varies depending on a variety of linguistic, sociocultural, and cognitive factors. People who are more nonverbally expressive typically form more positive initial impressions, because expressivity in the form of immediacy behaviors is attention getting and welcoming. For example, some cultures tend toward less touching and greater interpersonal distances during interactions. Developing literacy in second-language learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on language-minority children and youth. When we speak, our speech is often accompanied by nonverbal communications such as facial expressions, gestures, body movement, and sighs. Illinois at https://www.isbe.net/Pages/English-Language-Learning-Standards.aspx; Look the part. Why? What other options would improve situational monitoring? It releases endorphins, which naturally fight the adrenaline that causes anxiety. The following guidelines may help you more effectively encode nonverbal signals related to personal presentation and environment. In terms of seated posture, leaning back is usually decoded as a sign of informality and indifference, straddling a chair as a sign of dominance (but also some insecurity because the person is protecting the vulnerable front part of his or her body), and leaning forward as a signal of interest and attentiveness. Asking these questions helps employers better understand your thought process and assess your problem-solving, self-management and communication skills. All rights reserved. He is a lot older than me. Such deviations may lead people to misinterpret sexual or romantic interest or feel uncomfortable. After a book has been read and discussed in the L2, students can use the L1 version to write about the topic, review issues discussed, or further their understanding. For example, asking an employee to paraphrase their understanding of the instructions you just gave them shows that you are aware that verbal messages are not always clear, that people do not always listen actively, and that people often do not speak up when they are unsure of instructions for fear of appearing incompetent or embarrassing themselves. Research has found that juries often select their foreperson based on where he or she happens to sit (Andersen, 1999). Where you choose to sit can also impact perceived characteristics and leadership decisions. Research finds that people generally perceive themselves as good detectors of deception, but when tested people only accurately detect deception at levels a little higher than what we would by random chance. We rarely send a nonverbal message in isolation. I teach history! These diverse needs made lesson planning challenging, but his ELL kids were counting on him to find a way to communicate with them. Cultural variables such as race and nationality also affect competence. Not everyone has the same athletic, musical, or intellectual ability. 6 strategies for improving communication competence Here's a list of six strategies you can use for improving communication competence: 1. Be aware of the physical attractiveness bias, which leads people to sometimes mistakenly equate attractiveness with goodness (Hargie, 2011). For example, if you are waiting in line to get your drivers license renewed and the agents in front of you are moving slower than youd like and the man in front of you doesnt have his materials organized and is asking unnecessary questions, you might start to exhibit nonverbal clusters that signal frustration. . Since many gestures are spontaneous or subconscious, it is important to raise your awareness of them and monitor them. Likewise, as we become more experienced communicators we tend to think that we become better at interpreting nonverbal messages. Both are commonly experienced by most people and can be managed using various strategies. In modern times, communication scholars and teachers have worked hard to understand and describe what it means to be a competent communicator. Which of the following best describes a communication channel? acquire a vocabulary of stock words and phrases covering many daily situations. During my years as a restaurant server I got pretty good at knowing what tables to engage with and schmooze a little more to get a better tip. A politician is questioned by a reporter about allegations that she used taxpayer money to fund personal vacations. Which of the following refers to the physcial space between people? A sideways glance, which entails keeping the head and face pointed straight ahead while focusing the eyes to the left or right, has multiple contradictory meanings ranging from interest, to uncertainty, to hostility. Riggio, R. E., Social Interaction Skills and Nonverbal Behavior, in Applications of Nonverbal Behavior Theories and Research, ed. Faridahs cumulative file holds a copy of the states language proficiency test, which she completed the previous spring. People with nonverbal encoding competence are typically more in control of conversations. Scenario 3. the receiver provides feedback. Discuss communication apprehension and public speaking anxiety and employ strategies to manage them. Listeners are expected to make more eye contact with the speaker than the speaker makes with them, so its important to listen with your eyes by maintaining eye contact, which signals attentiveness. One of the most common nonverbal signs of deception is speech errors. Journaling (keeping a private journal in which you write down your feelings and thoughts with the intention that only you will read it) is an example of a. dyadic communication. When I have a problem or complain in a customer service situation, I always make sure to smile at the clerk, manager, or other person before I begin talking to help minimize my own annoyance and set a more positive tone for the interaction. Although no one can truly offer you a rulebook on how to effectively send every type of nonverbal signal, there are several nonverbal guidebooks that are written from more anecdotal and less academic perspectives. The ability to communicate effectively is often included as a primary undergraduate learning goal along with other key skills like writing, critical thinking, and problem solving. Getting Started on Your Road to Communication Competence, The Getting Competent boxes throughout this book are meant to help you become a more confident and skilled communicator. In general, people who are more expressive are better deceivers and people who are typically anxious are not good liars. Avoid combining touch with negative criticism; a hand on the shoulder during a critical statement can increase a persons defensiveness and seem condescending or aggressive. A great way to start a family literacy program for parents of ESL students is by assisting them in locating books in the L1. construct meaning from text primarily through nonprint features (e.g., illustrations, graphs, maps, tables). Everyone reading this book already has some experience with and knowledge about communication. Communication, specifically, interpersonal communication, is the personal exchange of information between two or more people. After all, youve spent many years explicitly and implicitly learning to communicate. may understand and use some specialized academic vocabulary. As students learn a second language, they progress at different rates along a continuum of predictable stages. Its not enough to know what good communication consists of; you must also have the motivation to reflect on and better your communication and the skills needed to do so. Suddenly the picture of a bumbling juggler (with himself in the lead role) trying to add one more item to his routine sprang into his mind. Instead of interrupting, you can use nonverbal signals like leaning in, increasing your eye contact, or using a brief gesture like subtly raising one hand or the index finger to signal to another person that youd like to soon take the floor. We have already defined communication, and you probably know that to be competent at something means you know what youre doing. So having a more expressive voice that varies appropriately in terms of rate, pitch, and volume can help you achieve communication goals related to maintaining attention, effectively conveying information, and getting others to act in a particular way. Garca, O., & Kleyn, T. Finally, being proficient in a language requires skill in using appropriately the four language domainslistening, speaking, reading, and writingfor a variety of purposes, in a variety of situations, with a variety of audiences.

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