huguenot surnames in germany

This ended legal recognition of Protestantism in France and the Huguenots were forced to either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. The Huguenot population of France dropped to 856,000 by the mid-1660s, of which a plurality lived in rural areas. QC, in 1761. Huguenot legacy persists both in France and abroad. ", Michael Green, "Bridging the English Channel: Huguenots in the educational milieu of the English upper class.". In the south, towns like Castres, Montauban, Montpellier and Nimes were Huguenot strongholds. [27] The Waldensians created fortified areas, as in Cabrires, perhaps attacking an abbey. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenots including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk, England, Pierre Bacot of Touraine France, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. Calvinists lived primarily in the Midi; about 200,000 Lutherans accompanied by some Calvinists lived in the newly acquired Alsace, where the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia effectively protected them. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled on a small island. Helped establish the Scottish weaving trade. [61], Article 4 of 26 June 1889 Nationality Law stated: "Descendants of families proscribed by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes will continue to benefit from the benefit of 15 December 1790 Law, but on the condition that a nominal decree should be issued for every petitioner. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. The ties between Huguenots and the Dutch Republic's military and political leadership, the House of Orange-Nassau, which existed since the early days of the Dutch Revolt, helped support the many early settlements of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic's colonies. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in La Rochelle, and also spread across provinces of Normandy and Poitou. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. "[62], Foreign descendants of Huguenots lost the automatic right to French citizenship in 1945 (by force of the Ordonnance n 45-2441 du 19 octobre 1945, which revoked the 1889 Nationality Law). It is said that they landed on the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called "Bauffet's Point" after travelling from England where they had previously taken refuge on account of religious persecution, four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. [citation needed], By 1620, the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. The Huguenots are generally well-documented and it is often possible to trace them to their French home town. He was a pastor. The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. Huguenots were Nobles, Doctors, Lawyers, Historians, Intellectuals, Craftsman and Artisans and loyal to the Crown. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist-controlled Dutch Republic, which also happened to lead the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Huguenot - definition of Huguenot by The Free Dictionary Today I'm compiling a book titled, A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME: The changing fortunes of the Petit Family. The Huguenot Refuge in Switzerland - Muse protestant One of the most active Huguenot groups is in Charleston, South Carolina. Page 449. The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots. When in 1808 a law signed by Napoleon forced all French Jews to take hereditary surnames, local Jews retained the family names they used for many centuries such as Crmieu (x), Milhaud, Monteux . Huguenots - Wikipedia They did not promote French-language schools or publications and "lost" their historic identity. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, Cronje (Cronier), de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage (Du Vinage), Franck, Fouch, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell), Naud, Nortj (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Roux, Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Vilion) and Visagie (Visage). The exodus brought new crafts and practices to the host nations and represented a substantial loss to the former nation states. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. Previous to the erection of it, the strong men would often walk twenty-three miles on Saturday evening, the distance by the road from New Rochelle to New York, to attend the Sunday service. not (hyoog-nt) n. A French Protestant of the 16th to 18th centuries. At first he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Roman Catholicism. Where Did The Huguenots Get Their Name? - Huguenot Museum Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard des Moulins. Joy Petit-Gittos MA CTE - Private Online English Tutor - LinkedIn A peace treaty was arranged in 1658, and the Dutch returned", "444 Years: The Massacre of the Huguenot Christians in America", "Huguenots of Spitalfields heritage tours & events in Spitalfields Huguenot Public Art Trust", "Eglise Protestante Franaise de Londres", "The Huguenot Chapel (Black Prince's Chantry)", "The Strangers who enriched Norwich and Norfolk life", "The strangers and the canaries - Football Welcomes 2018", "Paths to Pluralism: South Africa's Early History", Huguenot Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Mitterrand's Apology to the Huguenots (in French). A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighbourhood of Huguenot was named. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. However, these measures disguised the growing tensions between Protestants and Catholics. [87] London financed the emigration of many to England and its colonies around 1700. [81] In colonial New York city they switched from French to English or Dutch by 1730.[82]. Several congregations were founded throughout Germany and Scandinavia, such as those of Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy (see the Avignon Papacy, for example) by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. some French members of the largely German, Four-term Republican United States Representative. As a result Protestants are still a religious minority in Quebec today. What is the correct name for French Protestants? - Sage-Answers [71] But with assimilation, within three generations the Huguenots had generally adopted Dutch as their first and home language. A-B Adrian Agombar Ammonet Andr Annereau Appel Arabin Arbou/Harbou Arbouin Archinal Ardouin Armand Arnaud Asselin Auvache Avard Azire Bailhache Ballou Balmer/Balmier Baly Barben Barberie Bardin Barnier Barraud Barrett (Barr) Bartels Bartier/Bertier Bastet Baud Bdard Beehag (Behague) Beharell . The Huguenot cemetery, or the "Huguenot Burial Ground", has since been recognised as a historic cemetery that is the final resting place for a wide range of the Huguenot founders, early settlers and prominent citizens dating back more than three centuries. [68] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. In 1685, he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the Edict of Nantes and declaring Protestantism illegal. [citation needed], Louis XIV inherited the throne in 1643 and acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert. ", Roy A. Sundstrom, "French Huguenots and the Civil List, 1696-1727: A Study of Alien Assimilation in England. L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit in New York, founded in 1628, is older, but it left the French Reformed movement in 1804 to become part of the Episcopal Church. There have been many migrations in Europe since the Middle . Others still argue that the terms didn't originate from derogatory roots at all, with some of the Protestant faction claiming the opposite, that the Huguenots were named out of loyalty to the line of Hugues Capet, a medieval ancestor of the King who ruled six centuries before. In 1709, when the Palatinates were living at St. Katherine's by the Tower, a beautiful church and hospital were located there as well, known as St. Katharine's Church. VanRuymbeke, Bertrand and Sparks, Randy J., eds. [86] There was a small naval Anglo-French War (16271629), in which the English supported the French Huguenots against King Louis XIII. Place names and geographic features were commonly taken as surnames in Utrecht (e.g., van Doorn, van Schaik, van Vliet, and van den Brink). Instead of being in Purgatory after death, according to Catholic doctrine, they came back to harm the living at night. Kathy is a member of the Huguenot Society. See our Huguenot Surname Cross Surname and Variations -- Christian Name Ag / Agee / Oage -- Matthieu Allaire -- Alexandre Alle / Alley / Alie / Alyer / d'Ailly -- Nicolas As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew. You can see a list of Huguenot surnames at Huguenot-France.org and another list of those who migrated to the UK and Ireland at LibraryIreland. The surname Martin of French origin (see 1 above) is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified . He called this tip of the peninsula which jutted out into Newark Bay, "Bird's Point". In Paris the spirit was called le moine bourr; at Orlans, le mulet odet; at Blois le loup garon; at Tours, le Roy Huguet; and so on in other places. "The Secret War of Elizabeth I: England and the Huguenots during the early Wars of Religion, 1562-77. Who Are The Jews Of France? Their Last Names Give A Clue The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. Such economic separation was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the city. FAQs; Blog; Past Newsletters; Scrapbook; Huguenot Names. Genealogy Resources (Tutorial) This simple tutorial is prepared to assist you in performing research in the former German Reichslnder of Elsa-Lothringen, today's French regions of Alsace-Moselle. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. Bernard James Whalen (1931-2001) FamilySearch Who were the Huguenots? | Who Do You Think You Are Magazine And lastly, many surnames common in the larger cities of South Holland were the Dutch versions of French and German surnames. [78] Howard Hughes, famed investor, pilot, film director, and philanthropist, was also of Huguenot descent and descendant from Rev. [18] He wrote in French, but unlike the Protestant development in Germany, where Lutheran writings were widely distributed and could be read by the common man, it was not the case in France, where only nobles adopted the new faith and the folk remained Catholic. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset. Edward Grove 1636-1686 - Ancestry huguenotstreet.org is ranked #2002 in the Hobbies and Leisure > Ancestry and Genealogy category and #7843378 Globally according to January 2023 data. Some 40,000-50,000 settled in England, mostly in towns near the sea in the southern districts, with the largest concentration in London where they constituted about 5% of the total population in 1700. French (Huguenot) Submitted Surnames - Behind the Name Huguenots in America - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709. Some remained, practicing their Faith in secret. Page 166. [116] John Arnold Fleming wrote extensively of the French Protestant group's impact on the nation in his 1953 Huguenot Influence in Scotland,[117] while sociologist Abraham Lavender, who has explored how the ethnic group transformed over generations "from Mediterranean Catholics to White Anglo-Saxon Protestants", has analyzed how Huguenot adherence to Calvinist customs helped facilitate compatibility with the Scottish people.[118]. Scoville, Warren C. "The Huguenots and the diffusion of technology. Ancient relics and texts were destroyed; the bodies of saints exhumed and burned. A small wooden church was first erected in the community, followed by a second church that was built of stone. The surnames Boileau and Des Voeux have disappeared from this locality only a few years ago, General Boileau and Major Des Voeux with their families having left Portarlington. Who Were the Huguenots? - The National Huguenot Society Most of the cities in which the Huguenots gained a hold saw iconoclast riots in which altars and images in churches, and sometimes the buildings themselves torn down. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. Many came from the region of the Cvennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozre. Flemish and Huguenot surnames were common in Zeeland. The first Huguenots arrived as early as 1671, when the first Huguenot refugee, Francois Villion (later Viljoen), arrived at the Cape. The surname Cordes is most commonly associated with Germany, Belgium, France and Spain. [93][94] The immigrants assimilated well in terms of using English, joining the Church of England, intermarriage and business success. Hello. Of the refugees who arrived on the Kent coast, many gravitated towards Canterbury, then the . . [1][2][3], The remaining Huguenots faced continued persecution under Louis XV. By 1600, it had declined to 78%,[citation needed] and was reduced further late in the century after the return of persecution under Louis XIV, who instituted the dragonnades to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685. This surname is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified Huguenot ancestors and also in the similar register of the Huguenot Society of America. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. Our research is done by experienced and dedicated . [citation needed] Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of evangelical Protestant churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population. The Huguenot Society's organized tours have, since 1989, visited three towns which, from their foundation, were particular places of refuge for Huguenots. Peter married into a family of physicians and had a son Peter jnr. By 1707 400 refugee Huguenot families had settled in Scotland. Some of these French settlers were Calvinist or Reformed Protestants (Huguenots) who fled religious persecution in France. Local church records and histories are very helpful in that regard. Other refugees practised the variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community as distinct from the indigenous population. A Huguenot cemetery is located in the centre of Dublin, off St. Stephen's Green. They founded the silk industry in England. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich). Another Huguenot cemetery is located off French Church Street in Cork. In the early 1700s, the Palatines , refugees from modern-day Germany, also came here. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rly, was printed in Paris in 1487. The French protestants, on the other hand, who had fled because of . [59], By the 1760s Protestantism was no longer a favourite religion of the elite. The Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. The 1709ers would have worshipped in this church that was by that time already nearly 600 years old. In 1564, Ribault's former lieutenant Ren Goulaine de Laudonnire launched a second voyage to build a colony; he established Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. The "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains one of the oldest streets in the United States of America. These included Languedoc-Roussillon, Gascony and even a strip of land that stretched into the Dauphin. Although the exact number of fatalities throughout the country is not known, on 2324 August, between 2,000[48] and 3,000[49][50][51] Protestants were killed in Paris and a further 3,000[52] to 7,000 more[53] in the French provinces. . [103][104] The only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover,[101] and there is no contemporary documentation to support there being Huguenot lacemakers in Bedfordshire. The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's low population compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. [11][12] By 1911, there was still no consensus in the United States on this interpretation. Huguenot immigrants settled throughout pre-colonial America, including in New Amsterdam (New York City), some 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and some further upstate in New Paltz. The French Huguenot Church of Charleston, which remains independent, is the oldest continuously active Huguenot congregation in the United States. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. Even before the Edict of Als (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sret was no more. [54][55] Beyond Paris, the killings continued until 3 October. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. "A Letter from Carolina, 1688: French Huguenots in the New World." The community they created there is still known as Fleur de Lys (the symbol of France), an unusual French village name in the heart of the valleys of Wales. [14][15], The issue of demographic strength and geographical spread of the Reformed tradition in France has been covered in a variety of sources. They also settled elsewhere in Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstonetowns in which there used to be refugee churches. The Huguenots: London's First Refugees | Londonist [95][96] Many became private tutors, schoolmasters, travelling tutors and owners of riding schools, where they were hired by the upper class.[97]. Colonial Ancestors and Iberian DNA - Who are You Made Of? [69] The largest portion of the Huguenots to settle in the Cape arrived between 1688 and 1689 in seven ships as part of the organised migration, but quite a few arrived as late as 1700; thereafter, the numbers declined and only small groups arrived at a time.[70]. Alma Levi Russell Russell, born 1899 - Ancestry [4], A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. The Huguenots of Guanabara, as they are now known, produced what is known as the Guanabara Confession of Faith to explain their beliefs. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. A List of Huguenot Surnames Which Have Come to Australia Eric J. Roth, "From Protestant International to Hudson Valley Provincial: A Case Study of Language Use and Ethnicity in New Paltz, New York, 16781834". The term may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besanon Hugues (died 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism in his time. D.J.B. Many researchers are challenged by the following list of obstacles, including: By the end of the sixteenth century, Huguenots constituted 7-8% of the whole population, or 1.2million people. Gt. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. The ancestry of one Afrikaner | Discover Magazine The last Afrikaner President was named F. W. de Klerk, his surname being a form of Le Clerc. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696,[113] and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. Who Were the Huguenots? What Is Their History? - ThoughtCo [citation needed] The greatest concentrations of Huguenots at this time resided in the regions of Guienne, Saintonge-Aunis-Angoumois and Poitou. Huguenot Names - Special Report on Surnames in Ireland That decree will only produce its effects for the future. [58], After this, the Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000[5]) fled to Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussiawhose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. [citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. Get the full huguenotstreet.org Analytics and market share drilldown here huguenot surnames in germany. [46], In what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 24 August 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris and similar massacres took place in other towns in the following weeks. gt I began Genealogy 35 years ago. Most French Huguenots were either unable or unwilling to emigrate to avoid forced conversion to Roman Catholicism. Baird, Charles W. "History of the Huguenot Emigration to America." Huguenot exiles in the United Kingdom, the United States, South Africa, Australia, and a number of other countries still retain their identity.[20][21]. Dictionary of American Family . [80] In upstate New York they merged with the Dutch Reformed community and switched first to Dutch and then in the early 19th century to English. Devoted to the history, biography, genealogy, poetry, folk-lore and general interests of the Pennsylvania Germans and their descendants. In the Dutch-speaking North of France, Bible students who gathered in each other's houses to study secretly were called Huis Genooten ("housemates") while on the Swiss and German borders they were termed Eid Genossen, or "oath fellows", that is, persons bound to each other by an oath. By 1700 one fifth of the city's population was French-speaking. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy. Although 19th-century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry,[101][102] this is contentious. Protestant preachers rallied a considerable army and a formidable cavalry, which came under the leadership of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. In October 1985, to commemorate the tricentenary of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, President Franois Mitterrand of France announced a formal apology to the descendants of Huguenots around the world. Mary Elizabeth Lambert (1914-1998) FamilySearch Other editions - View all. The Edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions. A few French Huguenot surnames that remain common today include the surnames Du Plessis, De Villiers, Joubert, Le Roux, Naude and Rousseau. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. Other descendents of Huguenots included Jack Jouett, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn Thomas Jefferson and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Reverend John Gano, a Revolutionary War chaplain and spiritual advisor to George Washington; Francis Marion; and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen. The flight of Huguenot refugees from Tours, France drew off most of the workers of its great silk mills which they had built. Concord, Erie Co, New York - Our Family Tree In the 18th century Germany looked to France as the model of civilization. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French Waldensians, then mostly in the Luberon region, sought to join Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and Olivtan published a French Bible for them. The Huguenots were French Protestants who were members of the Calvinist Reformed Church that was established in 1550. But in the reign of William and Mary, the largest number of foreign refugees were Naturalized in these countries, from 1689 to the 3rd July, 1701. While most of the settlers in Volga (and later Black Sea) villages were German, there were also settlers from other European countries. Huguenots in Germany FamilySearch He was regarded by the Gallicians as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. English versions of Dutch last names - Dutch Genealogy After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger.