Repeated events and tendencies such as absenteeism can become handy in analysing risks that can be proacted upon. The nature of the work and the work environment affect job satisfaction hence lead to staying away from work. Absenteeism caused by work stress requires a different approach than absenteeism caused by conflict with supervisors (this is another major cause for absenteeism that is relatively easy to measure by means of an employee survey; Geurts, Schaufely & Buunk, 1993). Quantitative research is a type of research method used for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables. Articulate proper theory use, as well as various inaccuracies of theory use in agricultural education; and 3. Please refer to an authoritative source if you require up-to-date information on any health or medical issue. Further, it was ensured to respondents research methods using Likert scale was used in order to rate the that the data will not use for any unfair means. The questionnaires consisted of close-format, rating scale and a few open-ended questions so as to elicit more profound responses (Cohen, Manion and Morrisson, 2000). Students Social Sciences 100% The study has the main objectives of identifying the factors that contribute to the absences of students in Olevel for the purpose of providing a durable solution to it and preventing the barriers to the regular school attendances at E.S Kidaho. Measuring the level of absenteeism among its employees enables an organisation to determine the extent and nature of the problem to take appropriate corrective action. Kaman, R. L. Worksite health promotion economics: consensus and analysis. This paper reports on a mixed-methods study performed in three Romanian secondary schools, seeking to elucidate the phenomenon of involvement avoidance in the English class with a view to better understanding school avoidance behaviours in general. Pretoria: Juta & co, 2006. For example, these variables may be test scores or measurements of reaction time. . The moment you are able to identify the causes of absenteeism, you are able to do something about it. On April 18, 2011, public servants belonging to the Botswana Federation of Unions, enjoying a base of 90 000 members, went on strike demanding higher salaries in the first ever militant strike in Botswana since independence. Fraenkel and Wallen (1993: 349) emphasize that close-ended questions are easy to use, score and code for analysis. They stress that organisations should have policies and measures in place to prevent absenteeism from becoming a burden and rendering them to be dysfunctional. African American students and those classified as SWDs, ELs, and HL/FST youth are much more likely than all students on average to be absent from school. In his words, first and foremost the researcher has an obligation to respect his rights, needs, values and the desires of the informants. 13, No. Despite a solid and compelling body of research on student absenteeism, there is still much quantitative research to be completed. The UK spends on average $890 per employee. They both are responsible for the educational and career development, together with the psychological and emotional welfare of the child. The research hypotheses emerge as the study develops. I had to get their permission to involve them in the research. Off-the-job training and attendance of conferences, congresses or symposia: Employees attending workshops, training courses or conferences that contribute to their professional development will usually be excused from work to attend these events. After acquiring adequate information about the risk, the decision maker can then know what plan of action to take to mitigate the risks. After thorough analysis and research on the different forms of methodologies which are available, a chosen methodology will be elaborated and its effectiveness in gathering data will be discussed. Research in education has been successful from both approaches. Although blatant abuse of sick leave is relatively easy to identify and deal with (Levy 2006), it is a pervasive and ubiquitous organisational ill. Gerber, P.D. reasoning, where the researcher forms an hypothesis, collects data in an investigation of the problem, and then uses the data from the investigation, Nurs Times. Swarnalatha, C. & Sureshkrishna, G. Absenteeism a menace to organizationin building job satisfaction among employees in automotive. It is important to distinguish between authorised absences (planned and managed absenteeism) and unplanned ones, which are unpredictable both regarding the duration of the incident and the person involved absenteeism that is unplanned, disruptive and costly. On the negative side, they also cite the impact of lost production and a reduction in work quality; on the positive, they mention the benefit that may be derived from a fatigued employees absence when the nature of their work requires mental alertness (Robbins and Judge, 2004, p.28). Participants were 250 secondary school students from Amritsar city. Evans, L. Understanding teacher morale and job satisfaction,. variables as socioeconomic disadvantage, self- Although the College Faculty Manual (2003) concept and personality needs, teacher control and explicitly states that: 1993). The concepts of dependent and independent variables are addressed and the concept of measurement and its associated issues, such as error, reliability and validity, are explored. What would discourage them to fill in the questionnaire. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 2012,4 (4): 1142-1151. The formula used to calculate the rate of absenteeism 23 was: Frequency Rate: According to Kaman (1995, p.238), younger employees have higher absence rates, but as employees approach middle age, the rate decreases; Kaman adds that the second rise in absenteeism rates may be observed after the age of 50 years due to an increase in debilitating diseases from this age onward. 831845. For example, when an employee has a long-term physical or psychological disability, his or her company is obliged to pay the employees salary for up to 12 years. But, one very important issue which gets overlooked is who actually benefits more by attending classes are the shirkers who have a poor attendance record or the ones who are more sincere, more regular, and active participants in a class? Senel, B & Senel, M. The cost of absenteeism and the effect of demographic characteristics and tenure on absenteeism. . Results indicated that through the use Descriptive cases require a descriptive theory to be developed before starting the project. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Absenteeism cant be avoided entirely (e.g. The data collection methods employed will be examined and validity, reliability and ethical issues will be discussed. An official website of the United States government. Each of the methods has its strengths and weaknesses. "A Critical Risk Analysis of Absenteeism in the Work Place.". They will always hide some details. The interviewer can orient the questions to suit the needs of the interviewee and clarify areas of confusion. With the most severe flu season in a decade in full swing, businesses are anxious about the health of their employees, both for the employees' wellbeing and the company's bottom line. Absenteeism: New approaches to understanding, measuring, and managing employee absence. The absenteeism policy must make clear what constitutes authorised absenteeism, and supervisors must adhere to the policy when granting such leave. This paradigm answers the questions how rather than what, when and where. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to collect and analyze data. Since it was impossible to analyze the views and meet all the students together during October, random sampling was done. They also believe that the more the methods contrast with each other, the greater the researchers confidence. Enterprise Risk Management New Jersey: John Willy and sons Inc, 2010. Answering questions may be quite embarrassing especially if the interviewee and the interviewer are not very close to each other and if the issue discussed is sensitive. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Badubi RM. THE EFFECTS OF ABSENTEEISM ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE PRIMARY PUPILS IN KUMAWU-BODOMASI METHODIST PRIMARY SCHOOL. Nel, P.S. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Also, substitute teachers do not always measure up to the regular classroom teachers routine and methods to stimulate students to learn, which will result in lower motivation and morale among students and concomitant poorer performance. Absenteeism: a 3-Step Analytics Approach You probably hate it when you feel sick - and so does your boss. Absenteeism is the regular absence from an obligation without reason. In quantitative research, there are clearly defined questions or hypotheses from the very onset (Fraenkel and Wallen. Exploratory cases are sometimes considered as an introduction to social research. China. A sequential explanatory mixed-method research design was employed in this research. A severe burnout can prevent someone from working for a long time. We identified direct and indirect costs of absenteeism attributed to air pollution among private-sector . It is generally used to find patterns, averages, predictions, as well as cause-effect relationships between the variables being studied. This also suggests that low performers are worse affected by absenteeism as compared to the high performers. Weaknesses of the instruments were detected and consequently eradicated. Researchers (Yin, Stake and others) have developed strong procedures concerning this methodology as they have got a wide range of experience in this domain. The relatively high expenditure on absenteeism in the Netherlands is caused by a number of different factors. The research hypotheses emerge as the study develops. In order to identify preventable absenteeism, you need to run the numbers. Qualitative research tends to be associated with small-scale studies (Denscombe, 1998), and as such is particularly suited to the research situation. Quantile regression methods were used to establish the causal relationship between absenteeism and academic performance. Minor illnesses: Ailments such as colds, flu and headaches may afflict employees to such an extent that they elect to miss work in order to seek medical attention. Employees can be absent at work for various reasons or just deciding to be rebellious as a sign of registering some concerns especially associated with job dissatisfaction in the workplace. In case studies, multiple sources of data can be used (Yin, 1984). The aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect relationship between student school absenteeism, personal factors (academic self-perception, attitudes towards teacher and school,. According to Nel, et al. This study utilizes an interdisciplinary research approach to examine the phenomenon of truancy. Experiments and surveys the principal research designs in quantitative research are described and key features explained. The basis of this research is to bring light and clarity to the problem of absenteeism and its assessment. Kaman (1995, p.133) lists three diverse but highly interrelated variables that play a major role in absenteeism, namely personal, attitudinal and organisational factors. At a time when global school absenteeism figures are rising at an alarming rate, this study shows that the teachers attitude in class is a crucial determinant of students involvement or avoidance. absenteeism in the workplace. As the term suggests, qualitative research is based on qualitative research methods . Accumulated leave: Except under special conditions or due to extenuating circumstances, when they may be allowed leave during school terms, teachers are only entitled to take their accumulated leave during school breaks. Employees working for the best performing companies in the UK in terms of absenteeism have 3 days of absence per employee per annum on average. In the Netherlands, this number is $1,545. a method of research that relies on measuring variables using a numerical system, analyzing these measurements using any of a variety of statistical models, and reporting relationships and associations among the studied variables. The Vanishing Workforce. Generally, it will be the responsibility of the family, to train and bring up the child in the norms and values of the society. It is as good as it gets! Stake (1995) argued that the protocols that are used to ensure accuracy and alternative explanations are called triangulation. Research suggests the reasons for chronic absenteeism are as varied as the challenges our students and families faceincluding poor health, limited transportation, and a lack of safety which can be particularly acute in disadvantaged communities and areas of poverty . In this chapter the methodology and research procedures used are presented. Buffalo: New York, 1995. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! The decision to perform the analysis only on the HSC final year students was taken as they are more exposed to the problem. The most significant personal characteristics vis--vis employee absences are an employees gender, age and occupational status. On the Impact of Income per Capita on Health Outcomes: Is Africa Different? They both are responsible for the educational and career development, together with the psychological and emotional welfare of the child. Both primary and secondary data was used in order to answer research questions. In most parts of Africa, parental roles are culturally determined. Also, documentation procedures will be used. Ramadubu, D. Teachers down tools. As per the definition, quantitative research is a systematic approach to investigating a phenomenon, fact, or event by collecting numerical data. However, there are unavoidable reasons such as sicknesses which organisations need to come up with better solutions such as a doctor on call for employees of a particular enterprise. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. Healthcare worker absenteeism is common in resource limited settings and contributes to poor quality of care in maternal and child health service delivery. Nurs Stand. The relatively small sample that was chosen might give a rather limited view of the study and the question of generalization might always crop up. You may be able to access this content by logging in via your Emerald profile. Human Resource Management. Jan 09, 2023 (The Expresswire) -- The "Electrochromic Glass and Film Market" Research Report 2023: incorporates a thorough qualitative and quantitative analysis along with several market dynamics. Measuring the effect teacher absenteeism has on student achievement at a urban but not too urban: Title I Elementary School International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. Smanjak (2008), in a recent study, found that the average direct cost of unscheduled absenteeism to US employers is USD789 per employee per year. Al-Fudail, M., & Mellar, H. Investigating teacher stress when using technology. Levy, A. The third variable mentioned by Kaman relates to organisational factors, for example, a permissive organisational culture might encourage employee absence (Nel et al., 2006). It remains unquestionable that pupils educational achievement is related to parents social class yet the mechanisms that form this relationship are not well understood. In this case, the absenteeism of the students can affect the. While Coughlan (2004) does not mention any positive outcomes associated with absenteeism, she also agrees that the impacts are multifaceted, emphasising that they are not limited to production losses or inferior outputs which may eventually translate into a potential loss of clients but also have an immediate effect on an absentees colleagues and managers. Journal of Public Economics, 2004(61),359-381. Qualitative study on absenteeism among adolescent students Author: Mandeep Kaur and Isha The study was designed to examine the most influential factor responsible for the problem of absenteeism among adolescents. Family responsibilities may keep devoted parents away from work, especially mothers for example, they need to prepare their kids for school in the morning or take care of them when theyre ill. A simple check of an employees absence record will enable an employer to distinguish between genuine sick leave cases and instances of sick leave abuse. 8600 Rockville Pike Action Research Absenteeism - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Also, interviews are more flexible and adaptable to the requirements of any given situation. The role of community members in curbing pupil absenteeism in Piisi. Although this may represent an extreme case of workplace abuse, it is not difficult to see that employees may well prefer to absent themselves from work rather than face such treatment. The last part of the questionnaire consists of educators proposals to remedy the problem. This overview examines the best available evidence from a wide range of descriptive and correlational analyses executed by various state and city education departments, research groups, and academic researchers. A descriptive study establishes only associations between variables; an experimental study establishes causality. In short, the following matters will be discussed: Data gathering methods and instrumentation. A habit of absenteeism in a student can affect his/her academic performance that can eventually be a problem in reaching his/her goals; his/her ambitions in life and of course his/her future. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The researcher in this article, based on a narration and assembly of several kinds of literature, explore and expound the types of absenteeism and what influences employees to stay away from work as well as solution to arrest the situation. Almost half of the total absenteeism costs in the Netherlands can be attributed to work-related issues. (Department of Economics, Institute of Management Technology, Dubai, United Arab Emirates), (Department of Accounting and Finance, Middlesex University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates), https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-05-2014-0054. This type of absenteeism is held in such universal disdain that is often referred to as culpable absenteeism, reflecting the blameworthiness of an employee who is absent without authorisation for reasons that are within his control. Bad weather and transport problems: Extreme weather conditions, such as floods or heavy snow, may make roads impassable or trap people in their homes, making it impossible for them to go to work. The questionnaires were personally distributed. Nevertheless, a questionnaire is very useful in the gathering of primary data and sometimes it reveals the real truth of the actual situations. The truancy numbers will continue to increase at an exponential rate if there remains no integration of disciplinary perspectives to form a collaborative solution (Donoghue, 2011). Case studies are multi-perspectives analysis. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications | IJSRP Journal of International Business Research and Marketing Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Whatever its causes, chronic absenteeism can be devastating: In-depth interviews of ten absentee students and the use of editing style analysis and a method described by Colaizzi (1978) yielded three category schemes of experience of school absenteeism: (a . The need for triangulation is important in order to ensure validity of the process. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2001, Vol. through their teachers. Absenteeism in the workplace is catastrophic as it hinders performance and results. Computers and education. Understanding and critiquing quantitative research papers. Monitoring is an important first step, but it is not yet enough. For example, research shows that employees cope with stress much better when they have autonomy, social support and opportunities for personal growth (Schaufeli, Bakker & Rhenen, 2009). Organisations, therefore, should put mechanisms in place that would be geared towards curbing this rampant attitude that should not be entertained. Fraser, J. and Simkins, B. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. They were also asked to make reasoned and critical assessments of questions and possible answers. Other ethical issues include anonymity and confidentiality of the respondents. Inquiry b. Research7. Now days the bank is keeping eyes towards the staff welfare, according to this research the absenteeism rate of staff is decreasing by 15% and impact of this the bank . Badubi, R.M. -If using a theory, state the theory you plan to test. 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